Txij lub Tsib Hlis 23 txog rau 24, 2019, plaub "Jinwang Cup" tshuaj tua kab npaj ua cov cuab yeej siv tshuab thiab khoom siv sib tham sib tham los ntawm Shandong Provincial Pesticide Industry Association tau tuav hauv Dezhou, Shandong. Lub rooj sib tham tau muaj npe los ntawm Jiangsu Jinwang Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. thiab tshwj xeeb koom ua ke los ntawm Shandong Lvba Chemical Co., Ltd. Lub rooj sib tham no yog tsim los cob qhia cov tuam txhab tshuaj tua kab kom nkag siab txog kev tsim khoom, thev naus laus zis, khoom siv, cov txheej txheem nyuaj uas nkag siab txog kev tswj hwm.
R & D thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab yog txuas nrog rau cov kev taw qhia hauv lub tebchaws. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm xoom kev loj hlob ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab thiab nce ib puag ncig siab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txais kev nyab xeeb tshiab thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntxiv lossis tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev txhim kho ntawm kev npaj tshuaj tua kab muaj qee qhov kev sib raug zoo nrog kev hloov kho kev siv tshuaj tua kab tam sim no. Raws li cov qauv tam sim no ntawm cov av nrawm, kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm nce ntxiv, kev txhim kho kev siv tshuaj tua kab yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab thiab kev npaj yog qhov tseem ceeb los txiav txim siab txog cov txiaj ntsig thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab. Yog li ntawd, kev txhim kho cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov qauv, lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, hom kev ua, tshuaj lom, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov tshuaj qub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj qub thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev npaj ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev npaj. Feem ntau hais lus, rau ib qho tshuaj thawj zaug, qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev npaj, qhov nyuaj dua nws yog los tswj qhov kev ua tau zoo; Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj thawj yog tsawg dhau, nws feem ntau hauv kev npaj yog qhov siab, thiab qhov xwm txheej impurity yog qhov nyuaj, yog li nws nyuaj rau kev zom cov khoom zoo thiab cov ntsiab lus siab. Thaum tham txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas tus neeg saib xyuas qhov system, tus kws tshawb fawb Zhang Guosheng ntawm Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry tau taw qhia tias, tshwj tsis yog qee cov tshuaj tua kab uas muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab siab solubility hauv dej uas tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha, feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau ua tiav rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem siv tau. Tom qab lub formulation txiav txim siab, raws li tus qauv (them nqi faib ntawm active pab pawg neeg thiab inactive pawg), lub cev thiab tshuaj zog, hom ntawm kev txiav txim thiab lub hom phiaj (tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, tis ntom, nplooj hnub nyoog, zaub mov noj, tej yam kev mob, thiab lwm yam. ntawm cov active Cheebtsam, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm formulation kev tshawb fawb thiab kev soj ntsuam kev ua tau zoo thwmsim tau ua nyob rau hauv cov teebmeem ntawm cov sib txawv wetting thiab dispersion systems ntawm kev npaj kev ua tau zoo thiab lub hom phiaj, thiab ua ke nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas kev ua si lom neeg, txiav txim siab cov koom haum pabcuam thiab cov tshuaj noj kom haum. rau ntau npaum li cas cov ntaub ntawv, thiab thaum kawg tau txais cov mis muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm kev npaj, ntxiv rau, tom qab kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev pab cuam tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Tom qab cov qauv muaj pes tsawg leeg raug txiav txim, cov qauv yog amplified, ib d kev soj ntsuam mus sij hawm ntev (particle loj hloov, zoo li, viscosity, phab ntsa dai, agglomeration, thiab lwm yam) yog yuav tsum tau. Kev tshawb fawb txheej txheem tsim khoom kuj tseem yuav tsum tau ua.
Cov qauv kev npaj tau npaj nrog cov kev xaiv tsim nyog wetting thiab dispersing tus neeg sawv cev ntau yam tsis tsuas yog muaj kev sib cais siab ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab, tab sis kuj muaj ntau qhov nkag mus rau hauv cov kab mob, uas yog qhia tshwj xeeb hauv: ntawm ib sab, Cov khoom xyaw nquag tuaj yeem ua tau sai, sib npaug thiab ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov cab kuj, tswj kom muaj kev ncua zoo, dispersion, zoo li stability thiab thermal cia stability; Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tuaj yeem ua rau kev sib kis thiab nplaum lub zog ntawm nws cov tshuaj ua kua rau saum npoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag lub cev kuj muaj zog, tiv thaiv los nag los ntxuav, ua kom cov tshuaj tua kab ntau ntxiv rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ncua sij hawm khaws cia thiab txhim kho. lub peev xwm nkag mus rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag epidermis, txhawb kev nqus ntawm cov kab mob los ntawm cov kab mob, kom nws tuaj yeem ua si nws cov kev ua si lom neeg mus rau qhov loj, txo qhov kev siv ntau npaum li cas thiab txo cov pa phem ib puag ncig. Txawm hais tias cov ntub dej thiab dispersing tus neeg sawv cev nws tus kheej tsis muaj kev lom zem, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntxiv rau hauv kev tsim. Nws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txhim kho lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg lub zog ntawm kev npaj, txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, tab sis kuj nthuav dav daim ntawv thov ntau yam tshuaj tua kab nyoos thiab txo cov pa phem ib puag ncig.
Thaum kawg, tus kws tshawb fawb Zhang ntseeg hais tias cov txheej txheem npaj tau nqaim particle loj faib, kev ruaj ntseg zoo rau lub sijhawm ntev, thiab cov tshuaj diluted muaj cov ntub dej zoo, sib kis, tawg, tuav thiab permeability ntawm lub hom phiaj, uas tuaj yeem pab tau zoo dua rau kev ua si. nws cov dej num lom neeg, txo qhov ntau npaum thiab txhim kho nws cov kev sib raug zoo nrog ib puag ncig.
Zhang Guosheng, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Shenyang tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm Kev Lag Luam Tshuaj
Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm tib neeg cov kev xav tau ntawm ib puag ncig kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab, cov tshuaj tua kab hauv dej tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, microemulsions uas ib nrab lossis tag nrho hloov cov kuab tshuaj organic nrog dej tshwm sim raws li lub sijhawm xav tau. Xibfwb Chen Fuliang los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv, Suav Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb tau qhia txog "cov teeb meem thiab kev daws teeb meem ntawm dej emulsion thiab microemulsion formulation".
Dej emulsion yog ib hom kev faib tawm uas tsis ruaj khov thiab cov thermodynamics. Stratification, sedimentation, flocculation, austempering, coalescence thiab demulsification yog cov teeb meem tshwm sim hauv dej emulsion formulation. Stratification thiab sedimentation yog tshwm sim uas disperse theem hais feem ntau ntab los yog dab dej thaum lub sij hawm cia, tseem hu ua emulsion, uas yog dynamic instability. Qhov laj thawj yog qhov sib txawv ntom ntom ntawm ob theem (ua rau lub ntiajteb txawj nqus). Kev daws yog los tiv thaiv lub ntiajteb txawj nqus: nce lub viscosity ntawm nruab nrab, lub thickener yuav ua rau kom cov viscosity ntawm cov dej emulsion system, txo cov diffusion coefficient, txo qhov sib tsoo zaus ntawm cov tee dej, thiab txo qhov ceev ntawm stratification thiab sedimentation. Txawm li cas los xij, cov thickener no yuav tsum tau xaiv ua tib zoo los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas kom tsis txhob cia cov dej emulsion tsis muaj stratification lossis sedimentation, tab sis kuj tsis ua rau lub cev viscosity loj dhau, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau nws cov khoom pov tseg thiab emulsification dispersivity; Ua kom tus nqi ntawm emulsifier, txo qhov me me ntawm cov tee dej, txhim kho Brownian suab, thiab txo cov stratification thiab sedimentation ntawm kev npaj; Ntxiv qhov ceev regulator kom phim qhov ceev ntawm roj theem thiab theem dej yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los txo cov stratification thiab sedimentation. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov roj theem loj, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb me ntsis los hloov cov sedimentation tus nqi los ntawm kev txo qhov ceev qhov sib txawv ntawm cov theem dispersed thiab dispersion nruab nrab. Thaum qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv me me, ntxiv qhov ntom ntom regulator tuaj yeem txo tus nqi sedimentation.
Flocculation yog hais txog qhov tshwm sim uas cov kua dej sib sau ua ke los ua cov xoob xoob, uas tuaj yeem rov qab los rau cov emulsion zoo ib yam tom qab kev co thiab co. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov dispersion sib cuam tshuam quab yuam ntawm cov kua tee yog hais txog qhov attraction generated thaum tsis * molecules nyob ze rau ib leeg. Lwm qhov xwm txheej uas flocculation tshwm sim yog qhov tawg ntawm cov roj tee dej yog adsorbed thiab txuas rau ntawm cov kab macromolecules, uas ua rau particle sinking. Cov tshuaj flocculation yog anti aggregation: ntxiv anionic surfactant, tsim ob txheej hluav taws xob nyob ib ncig ntawm cov tee dej, npog rau saum npoo ntawm cov roj theem cov tee dej nrog cov pab pawg them, thiab tsim cov electrostatic repulsion los tiv thaiv cov tee los ntawm kev sib sau; Ntxiv polymer emulsifier los tsim ib txheej tuab thiab ruaj khov adsorption nyob rau hauv lub cev, ua rau steric hindrance nyhuv. Qhov xwm txheej rau qhov muaj zog adsorption yog tias cov polymer tsis yaj nyob rau hauv cov theem tas mus li; Lub thickener yog ntxiv los txo qhov diffusion ceev ntawm cov roj droplet hais, txo qhov sib tsoo zaus ntawm cov tee dej, thiab txhim kho cov flocculation ntawm dispersed droplets.
Coalescence hais txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm ciam teb zaj duab xis nyob ib ncig ntawm cov tee dej, thiab cov tee dej coalesce rau hauv cov tee dej loj, uas belongs rau thermodynamic instability; Demulsification yog qhov kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm coalescence ntawm cov tee dej, uas ua rau emulsion ua roj-dej ob-theem sib cais. Coagulation thiab demulsification yog cov txheej txheem irreversible vim kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub ntsej muag ntsej muag interfacial. Cov tshuaj coalescence yog txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag: ntxiv co emulsifier, thiab kev ua haujlwm tom qab ntawm surfactant thiab co emulsifier adsorbed ntawm lub interface yuav txhim kho lub zog thiab elasticity ntawm lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag; Anion, polymer emulsifier thiab sib xyaw surfactant yog siv. Anion nthuav lub thickness ntawm hluav taws xob ob txheej, thiab polymer tsub kom lub steric hindrance. Mixed emulsifier tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag thiab txhim kho cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog ntawm lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, txhim kho lub ntsej muag viscosity, ua kom lub ntsej muag elasticity, thiab ua rau lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag muaj qhov nthuav dav elasticity; Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm hydrophilic hmoov tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txhim kho cov yeeb yaj kiab, tab sis kuj txhim kho cov yeeb yaj kiab.
Dej emulsion yog ib qho thermodynamic tsis ruaj khov dispersion system, uas tuaj yeem tswj kev ruaj khov rau lub sijhawm ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li lub sijhawm mus, qhov loj thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov tee dej yuav txav mus rau cov tee dej loj dua. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev noj cov tee me me los ua cov tee loj dua yog hu ua Austenitic ripening. Cov tshuaj austempering yog ib qho me me me me faib: nce tus nqi ntawm cov surfactant, txo qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm kev sib txhuam kom cov roj tee me me faib ntau dua, txo qhov kev tsav tsheb ntawm austempering, thiab qeeb lub austempering; Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj nrog qis solubility yuav pab txo qis solubility ntawm cov roj theem thiab ua kom qeeb ntawm qhov diffusion ntawm cov roj molecule dissolution, uas yog lub zog tsav ntawm austenite ripening; Siv cov polymer surfactants los ua kom cov thickness ntawm cov txheej adsorption, txo qhov chaw ntawm "tshuaj" cov tee dej, ua kom cov steric hindrance, thiab txhim kho qhov chaw ruaj khov, xws li thaiv los yog zuag hluav taws xob polymers.
Yuav ua li cas kho cov khoom tsis tsim nyog? Flocculation, stratification thiab sedimentation tuaj yeem hloov kho kom raug thiab rov ua dua los ntawm cov tswv yim daws teeb meem saum toj no; Rau qhov tshwm sim tsis ruaj khov xws li coalescence, demulsification thiab austempering, uas yog cov txheej txheem irreversible, cov khoom tsuas yog muab pov tseg. Demulsification tshwm sim thaum tsim khoom tom qab dhau qhov kev sim me me. Qhov kev daws teeb meem yog txhawm rau ua kom ntau npaum li cas ntawm emulsifier; Hloov cov khoom siv ntau lawm, siv lub tshuab homogenizing emulsification, los yog txuas cov kav dej shear nrog ntsug shear. Kev sib cais dej tshwm sim tom qab tsim khoom. Txoj kev daws teeb meem yog los txais yuav cov raj xa hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas sab nraud, lossis txais yuav homogeneous emulsification los tswj qhov loj me ntawm cov tshuaj pleev plhu rau qhov nqaim; Yog tias nws tshwm sim los ntawm lub sij hawm shear tsis txaus, lub sij hawm shear tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv kom tsim nyog thiab tus nqi shear tuaj yeem nce ntxiv. Yog tias qhov kev sim me me tau tsim nyog thiab cov roj slick tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov kav dej kub ceev shear thiab sib cuam tshuam hom kev kub ceev shear yuav tsum tau siv los daws qhov teeb meem.
Xib fwb Chen kuj qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tiam thib ob ntawm dej emulsion: tsis muaj shearing, lub fluidity yog piv rau microemulsion; Qhov loj me me me dua li cov dej emulsion, uas yog ze rau microemulsion, tseem hu ua submicron emulsion; Qhov ntau npaum ntawm emulsifier yog siab dua li ntawm cov dej emulsion, thiab nws qhov ruaj khov qis dua li ntawm microemulsion thiab siab dua li cov dej emulsion. Nws tau taw qhia tias feem ntau cov tshuaj tua kab pyrethroid tuaj yeem ua tiav rau hauv cov dej emulsion thib ob.
Xibfwb Chen tau sau tseg cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho ntawm cov dej emulsion raws li hauv qab no: ① Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim emulsion, txhua yam lub zog thiab kev sib tshuam ntawm lub ntsej muag yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, thaum qhov loj me lossis tsis sib npaug ntawm cov roj tee yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm cov dej emulsion; ② Rau cov khoom siv tshuaj, thawj kauj ruam yog xaiv cov kuab tshuaj uas tsim nyog. Feem ntau, cov kuab tshuaj organic uas muaj siab solubility raug xaiv kom ua tiav kev sib cais thiab txuag cov kuab tshuaj; ③ Yog tias cov surfactant raug xaiv kom raug, muaj ntau yam kev xaiv ntawm co emulsifiers thiab dej zoo; ④ Yog tias qhov teeb meem ntawm lub cev ruaj khov tsis tuaj yeem daws tau zoo, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ntxiv tackifier hauv kev npaj.
Rau qhov kub tsis tshua muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm microemulsions thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, xibfwb Chen qhia cov kev ntsuas los txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias stability ntawm microemulsions: nce cov kuab tshuaj. Rau cov khoom siv tau zoo uas nyuaj rau yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic, muaj qhov ruaj khov tawg nce ntxiv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj organic; Kho cov hydrophilic thiab lipophilic tshuav nyiaj li cas ntawm surfactants. Qhov kub siab xav tau hydrophilic, thaum kub qis xav tau lipophilic; Xaiv cov cosurfactant tsim nyog, thiab qee cov khoom xyaw zoo nrog lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb muaj qee qhov kev xaiv rau cosurfactant. Yog li yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm microemulsion lotion? ① Siv cov kuab tshuaj sib xyaw, ib txoj hauv kev zoo los daws qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce; ② Nce tus nqi ntawm surfactant los txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag; ③ Txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom xyaw zoo, uas yog sib npaug rau ntau emulsifiers qhwv cov roj tee, txhim kho lub zog ntawm lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag; Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce yog ze ze rau qhov loj me me ntawm microemulsion roj hlaws, tab sis tsis yog qhov loj me.
Xib Fwb Chen tau sau tseg cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho ntawm microemulsion raws li hauv qab no: ① Nws yuav tsum tau npaj kom muaj qhov kub thiab txias ntau yam, feem ntau nyob ntawm kev xaiv cov surfactants thiab cosurfactants; ② Kub kub stability yuav tsum tau hydrophilic surfactant heev, thaum tsis tshua muaj kub stability yuav tsum tau heev lipophilic surfactant; ③ Txhawm rau npaj cov microemulsions tsim nyog, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los kho qhov sib npaug hydrophilic lipophilic (HLB) ntawm lub cev; ④ Lub sab sauv txwv ntawm pob tshab kub yog qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm huab point, thiab qhov qis qis ntawm pob tshab kub yog qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce tsuas yog rau ob peb yam khoom xyaw nrog tshwj xeeb lub cev thiab tshuaj.