Feem ntau siv surfactants feem ntau tsis tshua muaj molecular hnyav sib txuas nrog molecular hnyav ntau pua. Nrog rau kev tshawb fawb tob hauv ntau qhov chaw kub, xws li kev txhim kho cov roj rov qab, cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab kev tso tawm, kev sim tshuaj lom neeg, polymer LB zaj duab xis, cov ntaub ntawv kho mob polymer (anticoagulant), pleev xim polymerization, thiab lwm yam, cov kev xav tau rau surfactants tau nce zuj zus. muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab kev ua tau zoo, thiab surfactant polymers tau dhau los ua kom pom tseeb.
Feem ntau, cov tshuaj uas muaj molecular hnyav tshaj ntau txhiab thiab cov dej num saum npoo hu ua macromolecular surfactants. Zoo ib yam li cov surfactants zoo tib yam, tsis muaj cov qauv kev faib tawm rau polymeric surfactants. Feem ntau, raws li kev faib tawm ntawm qis molecular surfactants thiab lawv cov khoom ionic hauv dej, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua anionic, cationic, zwitterionic thiab non-ionic surfactants. Raws li seb micelle yog tsim los rau hauv kev daws, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua polysoap thiab dej-soluble polymer surfactant.
Polysoap
Feem ntau ntawm polysoaps raug them, uas zoo ib yam li polyelectrolytes. Qhov tseeb, feem ntau ntawm cov polysoaps yog cov khoom ntawm hydrophobic hloov ntawm polyelectrolytes, uas feem ntau insoluble nyob rau hauv dej. Tam sim no, cov nram qab no hom polysoaps tau raug tsim tawm (hauv cov qauv, R sawv cev rau cov saw ntev alkyl):
Dej soluble polymer surfactant
Cov polymer surfactants uas tsis tsim micelles hauv kev daws yog feem ntau dej-soluble polymer surfactants. Raws li nws qhov chaw, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntuj, semi hluavtaws thiab hluavtaws polymer surfactants.
Ntuj polymers, xws li ntau yam pos hniav, hmoov txhuv nplej siab, microbial fermentation polysaccharides, thiab lwm yam;
Semi hluavtaws polymers yog ntau yam polymers tau los ntawm kev hloov kho cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, cellulose thiab protein, xws li cationic starch, methyl cellulose, thiab lwm yam;
Synthetic polymers yog polymers tau los ntawm polymerization ntawm petrochemical derived polymerization monomers, xws li polyacrylamide derivatives, polyacrylic acid, thiab lwm yam.
Classification ntawm polymeric surfactants
Raws li lawv cov khoom ionic hauv dej, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua anionic, cationic, zwitterionic thiab non-ionic hom.
Anionic polymer surfactant
(1) Hom carboxylic acid hom polymers suav nrog polyacrylic acid thiab nws cov copolymer, butyric acid thiab nws cov copolymer, acrylic acid maleic anhydride copolymer thiab qee yam ntawm lawv cov khoom saponified.
(2) Hom sulfate hom polymers yog:
(3) Sulfonic acid hom muaj xws li ib nrab sulfonated polystyrene, benzenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, sulfonated polybutadiene, thiab lwm yam. Lignosulfonate kuj yog ib hom sulfonated polymer surfactant. Hom sulfonic acid polymer surfactants yog raws li nram no:
Cationic polymer surfactant
(1) Amine ntsev los yog polyamines xws li polyvinylimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymaleimide thiab nws cov derivatives. Cov txheej txheem polymers yog:
(2) Quaternary ammonium ntsev xws li quaternized polyacrylamide, polyvinylpyridinium ntsev, polydimethylamine epichlorohydrin, thiab lwm yam. Quaternary ammonium polymer surfactants qhia zoo hluav taws xob hauv acidic, nruab nrab thiab alkaline aqueous xov xwm. Cov khoom sawv cev muaj xws li:
Amphoteric polymer surfactant
Lub ntsiab ntau yam muaj xws li acrylic acid vinyl pyridine copolymer, acrylic acid, cationic acrylate copolymer, amphoteric polyacrylamide, thiab lwm yam, xws li:
Nonionic polymer surfactant
Cov ntau yam muaj xws li polyvinyl cawv thiab nws cov khoom esterified los yog acetalized, xws li hloov polyacrylamide, maleic anhydride copolymer, polyacrylate, polyether, polyethylene oxide propylene oxide, dej-soluble phenolic resin, amino resin, thiab lwm yam.
Cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm Polymer Surfactants
Qhov kev ua haujlwm saum npoo ntawm polymer surfactant yog nyob ntawm macromolecular morphology hauv kev daws, thiab cov molecular morphology zoo sib xws rau cov yam ntxwv xws li amphiphilic tshuaj molecular qauv ntawm polymer, muaj pes tsawg leeg piv thiab cov txheeb ze molecular hnyav ntawm macromolecule.
Thaiv surfactant
Multiblock hydrophobic ntu tau faib rau ntawm cov saw tseem ceeb ntawm macromolecules. Kev tsim nyog hydrophobic hydrophilic ib ntus ntev yuav ua tau zoo tiv thaiv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm tus kheej (tsim ib leeg molecular micelles) lossis kev sib koom ua ke (ntau lub koom haum molecular) ntawm ntu hydrophobic
Comb surfactant
Comb surfactants muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev npaj yooj yim thiab ntau yam. Piv txwv li, cov surfactant tau los ntawm homopolymerization los yog copolymerization ntawm amphoteric thiab amphiphilic monomers qhia txawv ceg saw tshuaj qauv raws li ntau txoj haujlwm ntawm hydrophobic thiab hydrophilic pawg.
Vim tias muaj cov pab pawg hydrophilic ntawm cov ceg saw, uas cuam tshuam rau kev sib sau ua ke thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm hydrophobic saw segments, txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov micelles generated, piv nrog cov micelles uas feem ntau tsim nruj cores, sab hauv yog kuj xoob, thiab tseem muaj coob tus. ntawm cov dej molecules, yog li lawv tuaj yeem muaj kev ua haujlwm siab; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim yog kev teeb tsa, amphiphilic branched saw tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm hydrophobic lub ntsiab saw muaj li ntawm methylene thiab methylene, kom nws tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv adsorption ntawm lub interface.
Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias txhua yam uas ua rau kom cov rigidity ntawm molecular chains yog haum rau stretching ntawm macromolecules nyob rau hauv kev daws thiab tej zaum yuav txhim kho cov nto ntawm polymers nyob rau hauv lub premise ntawm kev tswj solubility.
Kev siv ntawm Polymer Surfactants
Daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj:
Vim tias lawv cov kev ua haujlwm zoo heev, thaiv thiab graft polymer surfactants tau dav siv hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, xws li cov neeg nqa tshuaj, tshuaj emulsifiers, dispersion solubilizers, wetting agents, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, polymeric surfactants kuj tau siv dav hauv kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj raws li theem. hloov catalysts hauv tshuaj synthesis.
Kev siv hauv kev lag luam roj av:
Cov roj uas tsim tawm muaj cov khoom siv paraffin, uas ua rau cov roj av tsis zoo, thiab ua rau muaj kev nyuaj rau kev tsim khoom, khaws cia, kev thauj mus los, kev ua haujlwm thiab lwm yam txheej txheem ntawm cov roj viscosity zoo li no. Qhov teeb meem no tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev ntxiv cov dej qab ntsev los yog cov kua dej ua kom zoo ntawm cov roj crude. Cov dispersity ntawm cov roj soluble polymer surfactant tuaj yeem txhim kho cov dej ntws ntxiv thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov nag lossis daus ntawm paraffin hauv cov roj roj thaum thauj thiab khaws cia.
Daim ntawv thov hauv textile printing thiab dyeing kev lag luam:
Polyether polymer surfactants feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom ua npuas ncauj qis, emulsifiers, dispersants, defoamers, antistatic agents, wetting agents, printing thiab dyeing agents, etc.; Polyvinyl cawv thiab lwm yam macromolecular tebchaw yog dav siv los ua thickeners thiab tiv thaiv colloids nyob rau hauv kev npaj cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab dyeing auxiliaries; Cellulose derivatives xws li carboxymethyl cellulose yog siv los ua detergents los tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob kis kab mob; Lignosulfonate thiab phenolic condensate sulfonate yog siv los ua dispersants ntawm insoluble dyes.
Daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam ntawv:
Polymer surfactant tau them nyiaj ntau dua thiab ntau dua nyob rau xyoo tas los no vim nws lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb thiab tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho daim ntawv thiab txhim kho daim ntawv tshuab ua haujlwm. Qee cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov txiv neej acid monoesters tau npaj los ntawm polyethylene glycol thiab maleic anhydride nrog cov txheeb ze sib txawv, thiab tom qab ntawd polymerized nrog acrylic acid los tsim cov txiv neej acid monoesters thiab acrylic acid copolymer. Cov nyhuv deinking yog qhov zoo kawg li.